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The McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) T-45 Goshawk is a highly modified version of the BAE Hawk land-based training jet aircraft. Manufactured by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) and British Aerospace (now BAE Systems), the T-45 is used by the United States Navy as an aircraft carrier-capable trainer. ==Design and development== The T-45 Goshawk is a fully carrier-capable version of the British Aerospace Hawk Mk.60.〔Donald, David: ''Warplanes of the Fleet'', p. 175. AIRtime Publishing Inc, 2004. ISBN 1-880588-81-1〕〔Frawley, Gerard: ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft'', p. 48. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2〕 It was developed as a jet flight trainer for the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC). The Goshawk's origins began in the mid-1970s, when the US Navy began looking for a single aircraft replacement for both its T-2 and TA-4 jet trainers.〔Goebel, Greg, ("T-45 Goshawk" ). VectorSite.net, 1 March 2006.〕〔(T-45 history page ). US Navy, 16 November 2000.〕 The US Navy started the VTXTS advanced trainer program in 1978. British Aerospace (BAe) and McDonnell Douglas (MDC) proposed a version of the Hawk and were awarded the T-45 contract in 1981.〔(T-45 history on GlobalSecurity.org )〕 The Hawk had not been designed for carrier operations and numerous modifications were required to make it suitable for use on carriers. These included improvements to the low-speed handling characteristics and a reduction in the approach speed.〔 It was found that the aircraft was apt to stall at the low approach speed required. Modifications were designed by BAe in England; most notably a simple slat system was devised, operated by an actuator and linkage mechanism to fit into the small space available. Strakes were also added on the fuselage to improve airflow. The re-design allowed the T-45 to become carrier capable. Other changes were strengthened airframe,〔Frawley, Gerard: ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft'', Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2〕 more robust and wider landing gear with catapult tow bar attachment and an arresting hook.〔 It features a two-wheel nose landing gear.〔(T-45A US Navy fact file )〕 The Goshawk first flew in 1988 and became operational in 1991.〔 BAE Systems manufactures the fuselage aft of the cockpit, the air inlets, the vertical stabilizer of the T-45 at Samlesbury, and the wings at Brough, England. Boeing, which merged with McDonnell Douglas in 1997, manufactures the remainder of the aircraft and assembles them in St. Louis, Missouri, after moving the program from the Long Beach, California facility. On 16 March 2007 the 200th airframe was delivered to the US Navy.〔("Boeing Delivers 200th T-45 Trainer to U.S. Navy" ). Boeing, 16 March 2007.〕 Later production aircraft were built with enhanced avionics systems for a heads up display (HUD) and glass cockpit standard, while all extant T-45A aircraft were eventually be converted to a T-45C configuration under the T-45 Required Avionics Modernization Program (T-45 RAMP), bringing all aircraft to same HUD plus glass cockpit standard. The final delivery of the 221st aircraft took place in November 2009. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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